選擇哪種纖維并不重要 - 只需獲得更多纖維即可!
指南者留學(xué)
2022-07-29 15:09:19
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcno4qy6gqKyWIAw9lTRVJlPc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">人類的腸道進(jìn)化到在可發(fā)酵纖維上茁壯成長(zhǎng),而不是培根芝士漢堡。</span></div>
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<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnS2AEoqIOUasCUbXIbPD6vc" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"8b89dead-3bbe-47a2-8b9b-846603527f37","height":760,"width":1140,"currHeight":760,"currWidth":1140,"natrualHeight":760,"natrualWidth":1140,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnoYgVGylxyqIO3hyI2TqIJZ%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnS2AEoqIOUasCUbXIbPD6vc%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnoYgVGylxyqIO3hyI2TqIJZ","image_type":"image/png","size":1383115,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1659510523042/1659510523042.png" width="808" height="539" /></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnooOw60GKg6Gc498uPSwtqh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="h6">藥店貨架上有很多選擇,但哪種纖維補(bǔ)充劑適合您?杜克大學(xué)的研究人員說(shuō),他們都有幫助。(杜克照片)</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnc4wmE0cyMIiy6xCAeTHEue" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">北卡羅來(lái)納州達(dá)勒姆 - 藥店或雜貨店過(guò)道中的大量膳食纖維補(bǔ)充劑可能會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者不知所措。他們也提出各種健康聲明,不受FDA審查和批準(zhǔn)。那么,您如何知道哪種補(bǔ)充劑對(duì)您最有效?</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmS0AikaI8s4yWQ0ExxgLMd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">對(duì)以不同順序喂養(yǎng)三種不同種類補(bǔ)充劑的研究參與者的腸道微生物進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格檢查得出結(jié)論,在研究之前吃纖維量最少的人顯示出補(bǔ)充劑的最大益處,無(wú)論他們食用哪種補(bǔ)充劑。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmsM0eQseumiEm01PUdUnsb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAIKCoQa2EYmAYvkMxMR2Vh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“反應(yīng)最好的人一開(kāi)始就吃的纖維最少,”杜克大學(xué)分子遺傳學(xué)和微生物學(xué)副教授、研究負(fù)責(zé)人勞倫斯·大衛(wèi)(Lawrence David)說(shuō)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGS6SKMKayCQWcHIAckwC8d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">膳食纖維的好處不僅僅是廣告商吹捧的更容易大便??砂l(fā)酵纖維 - 人類腸道不能自行處理但一些細(xì)菌可以消化的膳食碳水化合物 - 也是腸道微生物保持健康所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的重要來(lái)源。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMwW8GGIAgy2SCWP9Q4niKc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到依賴于我們的微生物組為我們產(chǎn)生的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),”大衛(wèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的前博士生Zack Holmes說(shuō),他是兩篇關(guān)于纖維的新論文的合著者。“但隨著最近飲食從富含纖維的食物轉(zhuǎn)向,我們已經(jīng)停止喂養(yǎng)我們的微生物所需要的東西。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8oKowmoqUUkCArIajE96if" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">當(dāng)你的腸道蟲(chóng)子愉快地咀嚼高纖維飲食時(shí),它們會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的短鏈脂肪酸,保護(hù)你免受腸道疾病,結(jié)直腸癌甚至肥胖癥的侵害。特別是,它們產(chǎn)生更多的稱為丁酸鹽的脂肪酸,這是腸道細(xì)胞本身的燃料。丁酸鹽已被證明可以提高腸道對(duì)病原體的抵抗力,降低炎癥,并在宿主的腸道內(nèi)產(chǎn)生更快樂(lè),更健康的細(xì)胞。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW6CS4qsOGImA44f26VB7rc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">鑒于可用的補(bǔ)充劑種類繁多,David的研究小組想知道是否有必要將纖維補(bǔ)充劑“個(gè)性化”給不同的人,因?yàn)椴煌目砂l(fā)酵纖維已被證明對(duì)一個(gè)個(gè)體到下一個(gè)個(gè)體的短鏈脂肪酸生產(chǎn)有不同的影響。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSKuO6USEmWSkG0TZZTjzuc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“我們沒(méi)有看到我們測(cè)試的纖維補(bǔ)充劑之間有很大差異。相反,它們看起來(lái)可以互換,“大衛(wèi)在參觀他在MSRB III大樓閃閃發(fā)光的新實(shí)驗(yàn)室時(shí)說(shuō),其中包括一個(gè)特殊的”科學(xué)廁所“,用于收集樣本和一系列八個(gè)”人造腸道“發(fā)酵罐,用于在身體外生長(zhǎng)快樂(lè)的腸道微生物。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4gwOWiOaqa6MqyycyilOLd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“無(wú)論你選擇哪種測(cè)試補(bǔ)充劑,似乎你的微生物組都會(huì)用更多的丁酸鹽來(lái)感謝你,”大衛(wèi)說(shuō)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngSWguoCGqEaCO4k4XXHZae" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">普通美國(guó)成年人只消耗每日推薦纖維量的20%至40%,這被認(rèn)為是我們?cè)S多常見(jiàn)健康疾病的根本原因,包括肥胖,心血管疾病,消化系統(tǒng)疾病和結(jié)腸癌。不必完全素食或每天食用大量羽衣甘藍(lán),而是創(chuàng)造了方便的纖維補(bǔ)充劑,可以增加短鏈脂肪酸的產(chǎn)生。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnau6qgSKmiQSEWmAs4oBd8f" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">杜克大學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試了三種主要的可發(fā)酵纖維補(bǔ)充劑:菊粉,糊精(Benefiber)和作為Bimuno銷售的低聚半乳糖(GOS)。將28名參與者分成幾組,并以不同的順序給予三種補(bǔ)充劑中的每一種一周,并在補(bǔ)充劑之間休息一周,以使參與者的膽量恢復(fù)到基線狀態(tài)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqIki2ymAesIUis99ofHQeh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">大衛(wèi)說(shuō),事先攝入最多纖維的參與者在他們的微生物組中顯示出最小的變化,補(bǔ)充的類型真的無(wú)關(guān)緊要,可能是因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)擁有了更理想的腸道蟲(chóng)群。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaocgUQGSEEyOW6nhipHB2e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">相反,攝入纖維最少的參與者看到補(bǔ)充劑的丁酸鹽增加最大,無(wú)論消耗哪一種。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneQQA4QA6kmymy4mI0ONaje" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在David實(shí)驗(yàn)室在美國(guó)海軍研究辦公室支持下進(jìn)行的第二項(xiàng)研究中,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)腸道微生物在一天內(nèi)對(duì)新添加的纖維做出反應(yīng),極大地改變了腸道中存在的蟲(chóng)子種群,并改變了它們用來(lái)消化食物的基因。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncOGIEkqgOqyIqMLDOo0Hkg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">使用他們的人造腸道發(fā)酵罐,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)腸道微生物通過(guò)第一劑藥物來(lái)消耗纖維,并在第二劑時(shí)快速消化。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6W8iYmMmKwoGiOmrb7WuJh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人鼓舞,”研究生Jeffrey Letourneau說(shuō),他是第二項(xiàng)研究的主要作者。“如果你是一個(gè)低纖維消費(fèi)者,那么可能不值得如此強(qiáng)調(diào)要添加哪種纖維。重要的是,你要以可持續(xù)的方式找到一些適合你的東西。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6EmuQkuUccGuy2fAssQ5yf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“它也不需要是一種補(bǔ)充,”福爾摩斯補(bǔ)充道。“它可以只是一種富含纖維的食物。那些已經(jīng)吃了很多纖維的人,這些纖維來(lái)自豆類,綠葉蔬菜和柑橘等植物,已經(jīng)有非常健康的微生物群落。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6qEWgEEiQwA0cthhebFcUf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">這項(xiàng)研究得到了美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院(R01-DK116187,R01DK116187-01)的支持。海軍研究辦公室(N00014-18-1-2616);美國(guó)宇航局轉(zhuǎn)化研究所(NNX16AO69A);和Damon Runyon癌癥研究基金會(huì)。</span></div>
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