<p>最近，美國移民局對OPT政策進行了重要更新，涉及學分要求、轉學規(guī)定、延期條件等關鍵因素，對STEM專業(yè)的學生尤為重要，這篇內(nèi)容我們從政策解讀來了解相關院校信息。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; visibility: visible; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%; margin: 10px 0px 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <section style="display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-direction: row; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; width: auto; flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-start; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; height: auto; box-shadow: #6ec9e4 6px 6px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify; color: #333333; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">美國OPT新政</strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: unset; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1728355821712/1728355821712.png" width="683" height="428" /></strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">OPT（Optional Practical Training-選擇性實習培訓）是美國留學生最常用的工作許可。只要學生完成9個月（1學年）以上的學業(yè)，獲得美國移民局的核準，就能用OPT從事與所學專業(yè)相關的工作。</strong></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">對于科學、技術、工程和數(shù)學（STEM）特定領域的學位持有者，可以申請延長Post-completion OPT就業(yè)許可至24個月。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要注意的是，OPT并不是一種簽證類型，而是持F-1學生簽證附帶的福利。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;">OPT支持留學生在畢業(yè)后留美獲得實際工作經(jīng)驗，同時也是取得美國工簽H1B的第一步。</span></strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也就是說，如果你有未來留美的打算，就無法繞過申請這個&ldquo;工作許可證明&rdquo;。這個政策關乎大家最直接的利益，那么這次OPT政策有哪些調(diào)整？</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: #6ec9e4; color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">支持在線課程和遠程學習</strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">首先，這次政策更新最引人矚目的變化就是：將在線或遠程學習課程正式納入全日制學習要求之中。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具體而言，持F1簽證的同學可選擇將一門課程或相當于三學分的在線課程計入全日制學習計算。從而確保大家即便在特殊情況下無法線下上課，也能保持全日制學生身份，在申請OPT時不受影響。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #ffffff; background-color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">轉學自由度提升</strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本次更新還放寬了留學生的轉學政策，學生可以在美國移民和海關執(zhí)法局（ICE）及學生和交換訪問者計劃（SEVP）認證的同一教育級別的學校之間轉學，或在不同教育級別的學校之間轉學。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最大亮點是，無論留學生是保持相同的教育水平（例如從一個學士學位課程轉到另一個學士學位課程），還是升入不同的教育水平（例如從學士學位課程轉到碩士課程）都適用！</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: #6ec9e4; color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">STEM范圍擴大和OPT延期申請</strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">針對STEM專業(yè)的留學生，政府還對OPT延期的申請時間段進行了調(diào)整，并進行了一系列技術性修正。在已知STEM學生擁有24個月超長待機的延期時間基礎上，明確了該時間段的裁定標準為首次完成學業(yè)后的OPT到期的次日開始。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本次OPT政策更新的最大亮點莫過于OPT延期的調(diào)整。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;">新政明確規(guī)定，STEM專業(yè)的學生在完成首次OPT的12個月后，可以申請為期24個月的STEM OPT延期，這意味著STEM專業(yè)的學生總共可以獲得長達36個月的OPT時間。</span></strong>這一調(diào)整無疑為該專業(yè)領域的留學生提供了更多的職業(yè)發(fā)展空間。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此次對OPT規(guī)則的進一步明確，無疑為很多迷茫的留學生吃下了一顆定心丸。但還是要告訴大家的是，大家能夠吃到的紅利不僅如此！這個政策對留學專業(yè)的選擇影響也很大。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">考慮到畢業(yè)之后留下來工作的可能性，此次還有擴增STEM專業(yè)領域范圍好消息。因此，<span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">STEM細分專業(yè)增加至59個！</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在官方發(fā)布的新增專業(yè)名單中，有不少都是留學圈大熱專業(yè)：Data Analysis、Machine Learning、Software Engineering等等。也就是說，這些擁有36個月超長OPT時間（原本的12個月+24個月的延期）的STEM專業(yè)同學，擁有更大的留美工作概率。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="max-width: 100%; margin: 10px 0px 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <section style="display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-direction: row; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; width: auto; flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-start; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; height: auto; box-shadow: #6ec9e4 6px 6px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify; color: #333333; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新增STEM專業(yè)</strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: contents; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: contents; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: contents; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: contents; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <section style="display: contents; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: contents; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: unset; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">STEM并不是單一的學科或專業(yè)，而是科學(Science)、技術(Technology)、工程(Engineering)、數(shù)學(Mathematics)四大類學科組成的專業(yè)總稱。近些年它憑借更高的薪酬、更好的發(fā)展空間、留美工作的機會，愈發(fā)受到學生和家長的青睞，競爭自然十分激烈。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本次新政新增以下專業(yè)為STEM專業(yè)：</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> </section> </section> <section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: unset; list-style-type: disc; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 40px; list-style-position: outside; max-width: 100%;"> <ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 40px; list-style-position: outside;"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;">景觀建筑&nbsp;Landscape Architecture</span></strong></p> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 40px; list-style-position: outside;"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;">機構研究 Institutional Research</span></strong></p> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 40px; list-style-position: outside;"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;">復合材料技術 Composite Materials Technology</span></strong></p> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 40px; list-style-position: outside;"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;">語言和計算機科學 Linguistics and Computer Science</span></strong></li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 40px; list-style-position: outside;"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;">發(fā)展心理學和青少年心理學 Developmental and Adolescent Psychology</span></strong></p> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 40px; list-style-position: outside;"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;">地理空間情報 Geospatial-Intelligence</span></strong></p> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 40px; list-style-position: outside;"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #6ec9e4; box-sizing: border-box;">人口學與人口研究 Demography and Population Studies</span></strong></p> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> </section> </section> <section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: unset; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">就在前段時間，美國移民與海關執(zhí)法局發(fā)布了年海外留學生與訪問學者項目（SEVP）數(shù)據(jù)報告，這份報告基于每個留學生都需要注冊的SEVIS系統(tǒng)，可以說是準確度最高的統(tǒng)計報告。</p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">報告重點介紹了2023年度國際學生在美學習的整體數(shù)量情況，以及就讀專業(yè)、課程階段、學歷學位、學校、畢業(yè)后工作（OPT/CPT）等相關信息。直觀地展示了美國留學現(xiàn)狀，對留學生家庭以及未來趨勢判斷有重要意義。</p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: #6ec9e4; color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;">整體數(shù)據(jù)分析</span></strong></p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">從整體情況來說，在2023年，持F-1和M-1簽證的赴美留學生注冊人數(shù)為1,503,649 ，比上一年增加10.4%。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在持有F-1簽證的學生中，有457,906人攻讀學士學位，增加了1.7%；有608,857人在攻讀碩士學位，同比增長1.5%。值得注意，大部分國際生赴美是攻讀學士學位（33.8%）和碩士學位（45%）。</p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</p> </section> </section> <section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: unset; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2023年共有122,101名國際學生參加科學、技術、工程和數(shù)學STEM-OPT。大多數(shù)參加STEM-OPT的學生來自印度（39.1%）或中國（23.7%）。2023年，有160,627名持有就業(yè)授權文件（EAD）并報告為雇主工作的選修實踐培訓（OPT）學生。</p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section>