全球?qū)υ挟a(chǎn)婦健康的關(guān)注離家近在咫尺
指南者留學(xué)
2022-07-27 15:05:52
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcny6C8IKaCISqgchWgyhQZSb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">馮麗萍的先兆子癇研究與局部PFAS污染有關(guān)</span></div>
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<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnGeGeaku6E0IOkjSn1MqjEf" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"bd13cb81-99b6-4fe0-b4c0-51c8e88bcf16","height":760,"width":1140,"currHeight":760,"currWidth":1140,"natrualHeight":760,"natrualWidth":1140,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnaCrGe0iI1KwMwU1UyFWaXe%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnGeGeaku6E0IOkjSn1MqjEf%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnaCrGe0iI1KwMwU1UyFWaXe","image_type":"image/png","size":1912987,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1659510224863/1659510224863.png" width="808" height="539" /></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnE8Wsiaykcwe48xA70Es3qg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="h6">杜克大學(xué)的研究人員從皮茨伯勒附近的Haw河中取樣。(圖片 - 斯臺(tái)普頓實(shí)驗(yàn)室)</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4W6OwcAWEuYQmeVMCfsX6g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">北卡羅來(lái)納州達(dá)勒姆 - 杜克大學(xué)全球健康研究所的婦產(chǎn)科副教授,其附屬物方Feng Liping Feng醫(yī)學(xué)博士想知道有毒環(huán)境暴露是否會(huì)增加先兆子癇病例的數(shù)量,這是一種嚴(yán)重的,可能危及懷孕期間的并發(fā)癥。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEymqeoS8YIgYGeehvoFUnh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">她的問(wèn)題讓她從追蹤深夜運(yùn)往中國(guó)臺(tái)州的電子垃圾,到測(cè)量兔子的生殖健康,這些兔子喝著被污染的水,代表北卡羅來(lái)納州皮茨伯勒的霍河。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkY4oYSYUakya0Esm2KDB9e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">除了將她的醫(yī)療生涯奉獻(xiàn)給母親和嬰兒的健康外,馮女士還對(duì)這些問(wèn)題有個(gè)人興趣。“我的兩個(gè)女兒都有某種臨床焦慮,”她說(shuō)。“我不認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)遺傳問(wèn)題,因?yàn)槲覀兊募彝コ蓡T都沒(méi)有類似的疾病,同時(shí),問(wèn)題發(fā)生在他們倆身上。我懷疑在子宮內(nèi)環(huán)境中,化學(xué)品暴露可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致這些問(wèn)題。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqKQU88aeO2sCmG3nnevQLh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在COVID-19大流行之前,F(xiàn)eng于2017年至2019年在臺(tái)州從事項(xiàng)目,衡量電子產(chǎn)品(稱為電子垃圾)中舊硬件的回收對(duì)母嬰健康的影響。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcna88qYqsWOSauSGflg09XRd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“世界上70%的電子垃圾在中國(guó)的兩個(gè)地方被回收利用,家庭會(huì)把他們的房子改造成電子垃圾回收中心,”馮說(shuō)。該項(xiàng)目的一部分要求她跟蹤電子廢物運(yùn)輸,以衡量她正在研究的人口的暴露情況。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCOWo44WCqcwYOWGixer4de" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">但在2019年底回到達(dá)勒姆僅僅三個(gè)月后,全球大流行就極大地改變了馮的研究方向。隨著世界進(jìn)入封鎖狀態(tài),人們很快意識(shí)到,她將無(wú)法繼續(xù)與中國(guó)同事合作,她需要將重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到當(dāng)?shù)氐难芯宽?xiàng)目上。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCiS0Q84SUSCcfQ655HObK7" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Feng一直與她在上海的同事一起研究懷孕期間暴露于全氟和多氟烷基化合物(稱為PFAS)的問(wèn)題。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngkY8WA0U0eMKIpuUNAg02b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">杜克大學(xué)教授兼暴露科學(xué)家希瑟·斯臺(tái)普頓(Heather Stapleton)正在進(jìn)行研究,測(cè)量皮茨伯勒飲用水中PFAS的濃度。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUkKomcCUocyUGUtINw3cPg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)因其耐用性而被稱為“永久化合物”,用于排斥各種不同日常物品(如地毯,室內(nèi)裝潢甚至食品包裝)的水分和油脂。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMseEguasq4g8Ggt4Oa31ff" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">對(duì)環(huán)境暴露進(jìn)行研究的Stapleton在她位于北卡羅來(lái)納州卡里的家人自己的飲用水中發(fā)現(xiàn)了PFAS,并想知道更多。了解馮的經(jīng)歷和開(kāi)始新項(xiàng)目的愿望,斯臺(tái)普吞聯(lián)系并邀請(qǐng)她合作進(jìn)行皮茨伯勒正在進(jìn)行的項(xiàng)目。</span></div>
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<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnOY8iykaGcUGkEuAXdlkzib" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"227e1ca1-bc3b-4fa9-9ae3-ff37058c1b22","height":500,"width":750,"currHeight":500,"currWidth":750,"natrualHeight":500,"natrualWidth":750,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnJQufN5vlVhKbi77auV700f%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnOY8iykaGcUGkEuAXdlkzib%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnJQufN5vlVhKbi77auV700f","image_type":"image/png","size":587621,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="h6"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1659510232702/1659510232702.png" width="750" height="500" /></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8KOwKaeywCGEuo45elI2Qg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="h6">Haw河中的PFAS污染流入約旦湖。兩個(gè)水體都提供飲用水。(照片斯臺(tái)普吞實(shí)驗(yàn)室)</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8KOwKaeywCGEuo45elI2Qg"><span class="p">斯臺(tái)普頓說(shuō),他們一起繼續(xù)“在Haw河上進(jìn)行空間和時(shí)間采樣,以了解它的可變性,這可能會(huì)為該社區(qū)中PFAS的來(lái)源提供一些見(jiàn)解。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoeGuUq0e4GYuOUvP5186se" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">馮渴望開(kāi)始與斯臺(tái)普頓合作,并知道PFAS污染是“一個(gè)局部問(wèn)題,也是一個(gè)全球性問(wèn)題”。這些化學(xué)品有著悠久的歷史,據(jù)馮說(shuō),它們一直在適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境規(guī)則和法規(guī)。但馮彪彪擔(dān)心的是,越來(lái)越多的人被曝光,并且對(duì)PFAS的潛在危險(xiǎn)缺乏了解。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnECEccMi24uKuCClArUhoag" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">當(dāng)馮加入該項(xiàng)目時(shí),斯臺(tái)普頓的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)從北卡羅來(lái)納州中部的大部分地區(qū)收集了水樣。樣本顯示,來(lái)自卡里、約旦湖和虎豹河飲用水源的樣本中存在PFAS化合物。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniwakq2emGwquCIaYwPf0of" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Stapleton的團(tuán)隊(duì)與環(huán)境保護(hù)局(EPA)和北卡羅來(lái)納州立大學(xué)的合作者合作,表明約旦湖的PFAS化合物可以追溯到上游的Haw河。然后,Stapleton的團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠?qū)⒆⒁饬s小到皮茨伯勒(Pittsboro)進(jìn)行測(cè)試,皮茨伯勒是一個(gè)從Haw獲得飲用水的小鎮(zhèn)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneQqqWQyk0YqKEfbFLRUVae" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">研究人員注意到,在他們的采樣中,PFAS的濃度更高,高于使用其他水源的周邊城市。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAs0g6gcSy2aKMvfWSYEpdg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Stapleton開(kāi)始探索皮茨伯勒居民暴露于PFAS濃度的確切數(shù)量以及他們暴露如何影響他們的健康。馮在母嬰健康領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識(shí)將成為研究人員在了解暴露后想要提出的問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵部分。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwYKQUKusSqo4MHdgGdk3wg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Feng設(shè)計(jì)了一項(xiàng)研究,飼養(yǎng)了飲用水的兔子,這些兔子被設(shè)計(jì)成與皮茨伯勒發(fā)現(xiàn)的PFAS的濃度和組合相匹配。具體而言,她想知道接觸這種水是否與先兆子癇病例的增加有關(guān)。以前的研究已經(jīng)對(duì)單個(gè)PFAS化合物進(jìn)行了這種關(guān)聯(lián),但Feng想要測(cè)量皮茨伯勒居民消費(fèi)的確切PFAS混合物。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIIwIKkkEcAqKa170LrwiRW" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">先兆子癇是一種在懷孕期間發(fā)生的高血壓疾病。它影響器官功能,如腎臟,肝臟和肺部。先兆子癇是妊娠或近期妊娠人群中一種嚴(yán)重的、有時(shí)危及生命的疾病。Feng認(rèn)為,確定這種聯(lián)系(如果有的話)是了解PFAS污染和暴露在整個(gè)世界的真實(shí)影響過(guò)程中的一個(gè)步驟。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4UQkM6EAaeueAZbxcN1svg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Feng和Stapleton都表示,這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)是創(chuàng)新的,因?yàn)樗褂昧薖FAS化合物的真實(shí)混合物,這與許多實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究不同,這些實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究只是單獨(dú)研究單個(gè)PFAS化合物的效果。“研究混合物使我們能夠在概念上模仿我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活,”馮說(shuō)。“這就是混合物的優(yōu)勢(shì)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQYOy8UiwiSEC0Uq5w5TNgd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中,化學(xué)品暴露可能就像燉菜一樣,她解釋說(shuō):將單個(gè)成分添加到鍋中之前的味道不是你最后得到的味道。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMgKW8IaiKOCSmKbseDuAQb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“很少有研究關(guān)注PFAS化合物的混合物,我同意這非常重要,因?yàn)槿藗円淮尾粫?huì)接觸到一種PFAS化合物,我們暴露在混合物中,”Stapleton說(shuō)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcng8qeOWUKCIcW0UW5lNkLyg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Feng的分析證實(shí)了皮茨伯勒飲用水與PFAS的消耗與兔子的妊娠高血壓和先兆子癇之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)。馮立刻開(kāi)始考慮如何前進(jìn)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAqEq8swuimaUs3xI0gF0Ph" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">除了實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作外,F(xiàn)eng和Stapleton還促進(jìn)了市政廳,以幫助皮茨伯勒居民更加了解PFAS化合物暴露。這種暴露的消息自然令居民感到擔(dān)憂,因?yàn)樗麄儾淮_定他們的身體健康會(huì)受到暴露的影響。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoeUqqscEWGECo19ZB5KAFh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“社區(qū)成員不知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題,在他們知道之后,他們的第一反應(yīng)是,'等等,發(fā)生了什么事?'”馮說(shuō)。研究人員知道,他們必須仔細(xì)教育社區(qū)了解他們的暴露情況。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCsyOk0IY06KugNI9TD8ced" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Stapleton表示,該團(tuán)隊(duì)的戰(zhàn)略以透明度為中心。“我們向他們展示了數(shù)據(jù),以及他們的平均暴露水平,以及他們與基于CDC生物監(jiān)測(cè)計(jì)劃的美國(guó)平均水平相比如何。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQqWQayGEaSGeKO4a7NFeGc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQg2MkkCsMWI6OOyvxoqj5c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Feng和Stapleton正在繼續(xù)研究測(cè)量PFAS化合物暴露對(duì)身體健康的影響。具體來(lái)說(shuō),F(xiàn)eng的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn),在子宮內(nèi),大鼠的PFAS暴露導(dǎo)致后代局部運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育的改變。雖然他們的研究相對(duì)較新,但Feng正在利用她的發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)確定美國(guó)和世界各地對(duì)研究PFAS化合物暴露感興趣的其他社區(qū)。她的研究結(jié)果已發(fā)表在環(huán)境健康期刊上,并正在環(huán)境會(huì)議中分享,這些會(huì)議現(xiàn)在正在像她這樣的研究的中心,目的是提高人們對(duì)PFAS暴露的認(rèn)識(shí)。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMsCkiQsayGAmCcu6LVhpYe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0uAI4ss20UegCAc49xp6Wh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">馮最近創(chuàng)建了一組對(duì)PFAS暴露研究感興趣的人。她還在制定指導(dǎo)方針和教育計(jì)劃,旨在提高社區(qū)對(duì)PFAS化合物的認(rèn)識(shí)。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcns4y6KoiGssCQuyqcy9ZyJc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUSKeqWc0y8UIOmoJwXTi1b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">馮說(shuō),她對(duì)研究的主要希望和使命是“提高醫(yī)生的意識(shí),并為醫(yī)生提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指南,以了解如何教育和照顧暴露于PFAS化合物的患者。</span></div>
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