現(xiàn)有的光纖電纜可以監(jiān)測(cè)鯨魚
指南者留學(xué)
2022-07-18 15:19:15
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcna8kY2Qu6iImO29N6DElC3e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">一項(xiàng)新的研究首次表明,用于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和有線電視的海底光纜可以被重新利用,以前所未有的規(guī)模關(guān)注海洋生物,從而可能改變關(guān)鍵的保護(hù)工作。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnY62wAoSw0gmo8DPZD2Ddgg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.901348/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">以光速竊聽:北極須鯨的分布式聲學(xué)傳感</a>”,于7月5日發(fā)表在《海洋科學(xué)前沿》上<em>。 </em>它描述了使用光纖和一種稱為分布式聲學(xué)傳感(DAS)的技術(shù)跟蹤鯨魚。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnASogY2YQ6auMgP3C06YYZe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“聲音在海洋中的傳播速度比在空氣中快五倍,”康奈爾大學(xué)鳥類學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室K. Lisa Yang生物聲學(xué)保護(hù)中心的博士后研究員Léa Bouffaut說(shuō),他是該研究的第一作者。“因?yàn)轹L魚的聲音很高,所以聲學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)是我們?cè)u(píng)估它們的位置和目的地的一種非常有效的方法。</span></div>
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<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnCkGCyQ4yu2gquUmoPaavAe" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"526ba097-a9c9-400b-9b11-9eebc35e3f7e","height":488,"width":670,"currHeight":488,"currWidth":670,"natrualHeight":488,"natrualWidth":670,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2Fboxcng6ImCS6xkdpcxa8uoAJRYf%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnCkGCyQ4yu2gquUmoPaavAe%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcng6ImCS6xkdpcxa8uoAJRYf","image_type":"image/png","size":239548,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1658474508681/1658474508681.png" width="670" height="488" /></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGCSickUKA288YpX3Y5Gmbg" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">Marte Finsmyr和Léa Bouffaut。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4qSCg0EscEOqU1bOq24Xrc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">上圖顯示了 DAS 的工作原理。解調(diào)儀(a)通過(guò)光纖電纜從地面站發(fā)送激光脈沖。電纜有缺陷(b),在水下聽起來(lái)稍微移位。這會(huì)發(fā)回一個(gè)信號(hào),詢問(wèn)器可以在規(guī)則間隔的間隔或通道(c)上將其解釋為聲學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMeE42WcAaq0muWLofNI1jc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">將這些詳細(xì)信息交到環(huán)保主義者和決策者手中可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生重大影響。近50%的大鯨魚物種被列為瀕危物種。他們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)包括海洋變暖和人類海上活動(dòng)的增加,這些活動(dòng)對(duì)其環(huán)境和溝通能力產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnASiy6cMYE8SwqIfXgpydVO" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Bouffaut在挪威科技大學(xué)期間與合作者一起完成了這項(xiàng)研究。她和楊中心團(tuán)隊(duì)現(xiàn)在將在兩個(gè)主要領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)DAS研究:接收的音頻信號(hào)的質(zhì)量評(píng)估,以及篩選海量DAS聲學(xué)輸出的人工智能軟件,每天可以增加數(shù)TB的數(shù)據(jù)<em>。</em></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAAMwC6IE4MmCAhTworLk0c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">傳統(tǒng)的聲鯨監(jiān)測(cè)方法涉及部署一系列水聽器來(lái)檢測(cè)特定區(qū)域的聲波。根據(jù)Bouffaut的說(shuō)法,由于與操作相關(guān)的成本相對(duì)較高(儀器,船舶時(shí)間以及部署和恢復(fù)的船員),聲學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)仍然稀疏,海洋采樣不均勻。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIEEIs0cowAiO8iUCdHwjDc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">通過(guò)使用光纖,科學(xué)家可以在更長(zhǎng)的距離內(nèi)訪問(wèn)更多的傳感器,使他們能夠更好地實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)鯨魚。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn68USGI2K0kswgDj9gyNIje" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“與直接使用水下麥克風(fēng)監(jiān)測(cè)聲波相比,DAS背后的技術(shù)完全不同,”楊中心主任Holger Klinck說(shuō)。“我們正在記錄的是光脈沖的時(shí)序變化,這些光脈沖是由光纖電纜中的小缺陷背向散射的。然后我們可以將該信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為聲音。這就是為什么我們稱它們?yōu)?虛擬'水聽器。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIus2gOeuQ26QU9n8fb98Xe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">監(jiān)控將使用一種未使用的備用光纖,也稱為“暗光纖”,通常包含在電信電纜束中。這些暗光纖可以在不干擾岸上電纜端點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)流的情況下進(jìn)行抽接。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIe6oMKgYqS8a8NU1MtAMVd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“我希望進(jìn)一步發(fā)展這項(xiàng)技術(shù),并將其提供給所有參與海洋保護(hù)的人,”Bouffaut說(shuō)。“這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以使鯨魚的未來(lái)更加光明。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneEC0IKie8UkiEXvG3ur4zf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>Meher Bhatia是一名學(xué)生科學(xué)作家實(shí)習(xí)生,Pat Leonard是康奈爾大學(xué)鳥類學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的特約撰稿人。</em></span></div>
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