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中大響應(yīng)「管病以減中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥風(fēng)險

指南者留學(xué) 2022-07-22 17:35:33 閱讀量：1309

<div data-page-id="doxcn0oQK3BNwqGZOHGxdRGNBDg" data-docx-has-block-data="true"> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcn8CGGYgykY8a2EvNt0w97ge" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"f0941773-6030-4a27-b0bd-8fb88c16f752","height":1768,"width":2500,"currHeight":1768,"currWidth":2500,"natrualHeight":1768,"natrualWidth":2500,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2Fboxcnsz0tTQHrU5jH0Xe9nvbvm5%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3Ddoxcn8CGGYgykY8a2EvNt0w97ge%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnsz0tTQHrU5jH0Xe9nvbvm5","image_type":"image/png","size":1045221,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1663577540562/1663577540562.jpg" width="808" height="571" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoeG80c8qgYk0OUlknzmTXc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6iOeAMiwuooiaG8ZhO6jNd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">中大醫(yī)學(xué)院腦神經(jīng)科團(tuán)隊早前進(jìn)行全港社區(qū)腦健康研究，篩查550名40至75歲市民，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)中逾六成半?yún)⒓诱哳净疾煌潭鹊哪X小血管病。藉「世界腦健康日」鼓勵大眾關(guān)注腦健康及疾病，提高預(yù)防及治療腦疾病的意識。</span></div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnSEeea6IQskW67nuY9CdVe6" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"86177d3c-0d60-4040-8242-804db48ad11e","height":1667,"width":2500,"currHeight":1667,"currWidth":2500,"natrualHeight":1667,"natrualWidth":2500,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnI1UqjhccoEBgKNDq4FNOke%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnSEeea6IQskW67nuY9CdVe6%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnI1UqjhccoEBgKNDq4FNOke","image_type":"image/png","size":3265556,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1663577551024/1663577551024.jpg" width="808" height="539" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwKmQ6K82MsMe6AE0cSWpAg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="h6">研究團(tuán)隊成員包括（左起）中大利國偉腦神經(jīng)學(xué)教授、醫(yī)學(xué)院內(nèi)科及藥物治療學(xué)系腦神經(jīng)科主任及香港腦科學(xué)會會長梁慧康教授及助理教授葉耀明醫(yī)生。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnC6AMWiYIQqQeUZ0BY3kM1f" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMuCAMYmsAwMW4A5ositGbb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">香港中文大學(xué)（中大）醫(yī)學(xué)院腦神經(jīng)科于2019至2021年期間透過全港社區(qū)腦健康研究篩查550名40至75歲市民，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)中逾六成半?yún)⒓诱哳净疾煌潭鹊哪X小血管病。腦小血管病是中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥的主要成因，研究團(tuán)隊冀借著世界腦健康日，呼吁大眾管理可引致腦小血管病的風(fēng)險因素及建立健康的生活模式。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0UW6sEemOOoqqqU27tVWzd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUUSUW4Okw4y6Ov8Iw88goi" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">為提升世界各地關(guān)注和付<em>諸</em>行動以減輕腦神經(jīng)疾病負(fù)擔(dān)，世界神經(jīng)病學(xué)聯(lián)合會將每年7月22日訂為「世界腦健康日」。今年的主題是促進(jìn)全民腦健康，希望藉此鼓勵大眾關(guān)注腦健康及疾病，提高預(yù)防及治療腦疾病的意識。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCmgYuqMWgCwg0Wn7rvntjd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0I4MG2uo6uCMq2pAu1htLd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>腦小血管病可致中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥 </strong></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQscYS64OGACuKmXSwUfASg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkeemuYsqsg0uYtxHLRbGSf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">根據(jù)政府統(tǒng)計處推算，香港65歲或以上人口將于未來20年上升近一倍，由2019年的132萬人升至2039年的252萬，占總?cè)丝谌种?lt;a href="https://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/tc/press/129697/#_ftn1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[1]</a>。香港作為全球最長壽地區(qū)<a href="https://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/tc/press/129697/#_ftn2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[2]</a>，長者的生活質(zhì)素取決于他們能否維持認(rèn)知和獨立生活的能力。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4WqKOckuYY44WcFlRPjU2c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMga8GsoImK4KEDzFy4Penf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">很多腦神經(jīng)疾病都會影響長者的生活質(zhì)素，包括腦小血管病變。腦小血管病初期未必有明顯病征，但倘若情況惡化，患者不但會出現(xiàn)認(rèn)知功能受損、抑郁、步履不穩(wěn)、尿頻或失禁，嚴(yán)重更可能增加臨床中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥風(fēng)險。國際研究顯示腦小血管病變患者中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險較一般人高2.3倍，患上認(rèn)知障礙癥的風(fēng)險則高近一倍。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMOEEegQK0akGE9nroBYXWf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4CumMwEI24E2ERNJHZv1wS" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>三分之二研究對象潛在不同程度的腦小血管病</strong></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWiCMg60IecCEYTYsAqG65b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUmyIeOOO6YeQuivQ9hntGe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">中大醫(yī)學(xué)院內(nèi)科及藥物治療學(xué)系腦神經(jīng)科是全球最早發(fā)現(xiàn)腦小血管病與中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙相關(guān)的研究團(tuán)隊之一。腦小血管病目前可透過影像檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)。由中大利國偉腦神經(jīng)學(xué)教授、醫(yī)學(xué)院內(nèi)科及藥物治療學(xué)系腦神經(jīng)科主任及香港腦科學(xué)會會長<strong>梁慧康教授</strong>領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊，自2019年起為550名來自香港各區(qū)不同階層、年齡介乎40至75歲、并未曾患上任何腦神經(jīng)疾病的市民進(jìn)行腦部磁力共振分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)中55%潛藏不帶病征的輕度腦小血管病，11% 罹患中度至嚴(yán)重腦小血管病，及22%出現(xiàn)微出血情況。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUigAgQ4Woq6aMP32acqANd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUa2YQGg8oEWC48IDHtb8Hb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">高血壓是引致腦小血管病的主要原因，因此研究團(tuán)隊亦為超過2，150名市民量度血壓。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織血壓標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，成人正常血壓水平應(yīng)為120/80mmHg或以下。是次篩查發(fā)現(xiàn)只有34%市民的血壓處于建議水平，另有28%市民收縮壓高于140mmHg或舒張壓高于90mmHg，當(dāng)中近六成人從未確診高血壓。</span></div> <div class="ace-line" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGaEKUgwMM4WqUnNueiEgVg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>梁慧康教授</strong>表示：「腦小血管病變一旦出現(xiàn)，往往很難逆轉(zhuǎn)，因此及早預(yù)防尤為重要。導(dǎo)致腦小血管病的風(fēng)險因素，例如'三高'是非常普遍的慢性疾病，患者初期大多無明顯癥狀。定期檢測有助識別無癥狀人士，以便及早安排介入治療，防止情況惡化及出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥。市民應(yīng)按年齡、家族病史及其他風(fēng)險因素，定期進(jìn)行血壓、血糖及血脂的檢測，及早發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在的風(fēng)險因素?！?lt;/span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnS8e6Gcu08EgaUD9Zzn2knf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0Os0GkCm4sCAEhoRScsmcd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong> 管理腦小血管病的風(fēng)險因素</strong></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnS2ykKQMuyaiGgl6jOEIBGg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4E42KiKEIaGc4WaVKSKY1d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">除高血壓外，導(dǎo)致腦小血管病的風(fēng)險因素還包括吸煙、飲酒、不健康飲食、缺乏體能活動、社會及心理因素、中央肥胖、高血脂、糖尿病及心臟問題。有研究顯示中年時期開始調(diào)整生活習(xí)慣能有效改善相關(guān)風(fēng)險因素。方法包括：</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMSUYM6a2yW8kY7z0GL8A9f" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6KaSWiGyC0kOeqSk9e4dCb" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">定期檢查與及早控制“三高”（即高血壓、高血糖及高血脂）</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIgaGiUg4AGAYEdkWSoLn4g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnq4kgEWKsmoasySkAjKQDlc" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">避免吸煙</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCqSOAqU8sUsi21tZqWteyf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGyqk8Qee6UMaETh4eFL6Sb" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">避免過量飲酒</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIy2YSimOke8i6TMe7EGU2d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0M2G4WMOYmQmUxCF3hQNYe" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">維持理想體重，保持體重指標(biāo)（BMI）在25 以下</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn66KQyiK2qiqmoZKMeMqvze" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqAqSaGAkC4sysFvTVRylrg" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">保持均衡飲食，多菜少肉，并減少油、鹽、糖的攝取</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngGqSiYc6WoWsk5SYH57B6d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQE2AcWMKQgsQ2hQUH2nSNg" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">進(jìn)行恒常帶氧運動（即每星期進(jìn)行最少150分鐘中等強度的帶氧活動，例如急步行或遠(yuǎn)足）</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcni2Uyqcq4YmmKae70RD8lAb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCQC6EekAk648MLriiCJQ3d" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">多做腦部運動和學(xué)習(xí)新技能，例如閱讀、學(xué)習(xí)使用新技術(shù)或參與桌上游戲</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYAYe4iWwWSCwQzwhVnTzhe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2Ck4GuqKUaqWeit7LpZUoc" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">保持活躍的社交生活，例如參加長者中心活動、興趣班及義務(wù)工作等</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4IcuCCIeaIs4qQZ5eNWacd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEAyEye08Qk4MPZ0aBdg1lU" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">保持心境開朗，并維持充足的休息和睡眠</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqCOoKukOeMaEyuQprwYyzb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSwI0GaquCEEImYSRhswAie" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">中大醫(yī)學(xué)院內(nèi)科及藥物治療學(xué)系腦神經(jīng)科助理教授<strong>葉耀明醫(yī)生</strong>呼吁：「市民應(yīng)提高預(yù)防中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥的意識，及早管理腦小血管病風(fēng)險因素并建立健康的生活模式，以減慢認(rèn)知功能衰退，保持血管及腦部健康?！?lt;/span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <div data-page-id="doxcn0oQK3BNwqGZOHGxdRGNBDg" data-docx-has-block-data="false"> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmK0agaaK0EukGIdkfYaVce" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">[1] 政府統(tǒng)計處，香港人口推算2020-2069</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWqAG8K0yEUg2uQ6YSVQ5Jd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnau4KQ0e4k6Ou2JaEzWSy3g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">[2] 世界銀行，出生時預(yù)期壽命 2020</span></div> </div> </div> </div>

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